Insecurity

This section focuses on the issues around the security of the nation, the stakeholders and available

statistics for the industry, with highlights on 3 states, which are currently the hotbed of insecurity or terrorism in the country.

Human security is a complex issue to measure and evaluate, and different priorities and values are assigned by different localities. For each of the indicators listed below, it will be necessary to understand, its relation human security itself, the variables that need to be measured, and the condition that these indicators portray. Also a critical starting point for policy-making, focussed on human security.

So, human security is concerned with safeguarding and expanding people's vital freedoms. It requires both protecting people from critical and pervasive threats and empowering people to take charge of their own lives. Protection refers to the norms, policies and institutions essential to shield people and implies a 'top-down approach', such as the rule of law and democratic governance. Empowerment underscores the role of people as actors and participants and implies a 'bottom-up' approach.

Human security does not seek to supplant state security, but rather to complement it. States have the fundamental responsibility of providing security. Yet they often fail to fulfil their obligations - many times they are even the source of the threat to people. As the multitude of violent conflicts and extreme poverty demonstrates, states cannot be secure if people's security is at stake. But neither can people be secure in the absence of strong, democratic and responsible states, as the multitude of collapsed states in the world illustrates.

Human security also underscores the close linkages between gross human rights violations and national and international insecurities. The Rwandan genocide represents one of the worst human security failures, and the consequences still reverberate through the Great Lakes region of Africa nearly ten years later. Therefore, realizing human rights lies at the core of protecting and empowering people.

In order words, human security also adds an important dimension to development thinking. [81 ]

In all, there are some indicators or areas which are more relevant to asses or measure human security listed but not limited to, below:

Personal security

· Fear of violence (physical torture, war, ethnic tension, child abuse, domestic & gender violence, suicide etc.)

· Prevention of accidents

· Level of crime

· Efficiency of institutions

· Access to public information

Community security

· Fear of multinational/multiregional conflicts

· Fear of internal conflicts

· Conservation of traditional/ethnic cultures, languages and values

· Abolishment of ethnic discrimination

· Protection of indigenous people

Political security

· Level of democratisation

· Protection against state repression (freedom of press, speech, voting etc.)

· Respect of basic human rights and freedom

· Democratic expectations

· Abolishment of political detention, imprisonment, systematic torture, ill treatment, disapparence etc.

Economic security

· Income & level of Income

· Access to social safety nets

· Standard of living

· Employment

· Share of employed/unemployed

· Risk of joblessness

Food Security

· Availability and supply of food

· Access to basic food

· Quality of nutrition

· Share of household budget for food

· Access to food during Natural/man-made disasters

· Environmental security

· Assessment on pollution of water, air

· Prevention of deforestation

· Land conservation and desertification

· Ability to solve environmental problems

· Protection from toxic and hazardous wastes

· Prevention of traffic accidents and related impacts

· Natural hazard mitigation (droughts, floods, cyclones or earthquakes)

Health Security

· Assessment of the health status

· Access to safe water

· Living in a safe environment

· Exposure to illegal drugs

· Access to housing: shelter from natural elements, to healthcare systems (physical and economic)

· Quality of medical care

· Health trends, prevention of diseases

· Basic awareness and knowledge on healthy lifestyles.

Internally, Lagos is the most affected state in terms of the number of crimes in Nigeria, crimes against property and persons are the most numerous types of offences reported to the police. Most of the property offence cases are related to theft and stealing in general, cheating and fraud, as well as false pretences. [13]

Below is a brief review of the security budgets from 2016 to 2022, it shows the progression from N1 trillion security budget to the present N2.4 trillion in 2022.

· 2016: The first budget was N443.1 billion in 2016, the current total budget for the same Ministry is now N1.112 trillion Naira, that’s a total difference of over N700 billion in less than 7 years. The entire sum on security in the 2016 budget was N1.04 trillion, now it is N2.4trillion.

· In 2017, N1.053 trillion was appropriated for defence-related expenditure. The Ministry of defence was allocated N330.54 billion and N139.29 billion for capital and recurrent expenditure.

· In 2018, over N1.305 trillion was allocated to the defence-related sector. In that same year, President Buhari also authorized the withdrawal of $1 billion from the excess crude oil account. Of which, $496 million was used to order for the 12 Tucano fighter jet.

· By 2019, the allocation to security jumped to N1.76 trillion. The breakdown is as follow: Interior; N617.9 billion, defence; N589.9 billion, police; N366 billion, operation Lafiya Dole N75 billion and Office of the National Security Adviser, N120 billion.

For 2020 and 2021: The allocation to the security sector increased a little bit to N1.78 trillion in 2020, while the allocation to security-related agencies was N1.97 trillion in 2021.

In the past 7 budget cycles under President Buhari, about N12 trillion has been allocated to the security sector based on analysis by daily post.

Below, available data on some of our security apparatus, I have listed a subset of the data available to provide stakeholders a wholesome view of the acute shortage, not only in-terms of manpower but funding, welfare, equipment, quality etc. It also lists the areas of insecurity, type of crime and some of the triggers.

Military

Below are some available data, we could find, for some of the security organisations in Nigeria. The table below compares Nigeria’s military expenditure in comparison to similar countries, which shows we have one of the lowest expenditure for our military from 2002-2020, for a country, population and revenue expected. But the citizens expect them to perform miracles.

The table below also contains Military expenditures data from SIPRI which are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces, defence ministries and other government agencies engaged in defence projects, paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country).

Excluded are civil defence and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for benefits, demobilisation, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defence, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.

· Nigeria military spending/defence budget for 2020 was $2.57B, a 38.04% increase from 2019.

· Nigeria military spending/defence budget for 2019 was $1.86B, a 8.95% decline from 2018.

· Nigeria military spending/defence budget for 2018 was $2.04B, a 26.02% increase from 2017.

· Nigeria military spending/defence budget for 2017 was $1.62B, a 5.92% decline from 2016. [78 ]

See figures available below

Table I1.0 1: Nigeria Military Spending/Defence Budget - Historical Data

Year	Billions of US $	% of GDP	Year	Billions of US $	% of GDP
2020	$2.57B	0.63%	1990	$0.28B	0.83%
2019	$1.86B	0.46%	1989	$0.17B	0.58%
2018	$2.04B	0.51%	1988	$0.27B	0.88%
2017	$1.62B	0.43%	1987	$0.20B	0.77%
2016	$1.72B	0.43%	1986	$0.52B	1.31%
2015	$2.07B	0.42%	1985	$1.09B	1.44%
2014	$2.36B	0.41%	1984	$1.21B	1.56%
2013	$2.42B	0.47%	1983	$1.63B	2.22%
2012	$2.32B	0.50%	1982	$1.65B	2.27%
2011	$2.38B	0.58%	1981	$2.14B	2.77%
2010	$1.99B	0.54%	1980	$3.03B	3.30%
2009	$1.50B	0.51%	1979	$3.07B	4.32%
2008	$1.62B	0.49%	1978	$3.02B	5.33%
2007	$0.97B	0.37%	1977	$3.14B	6.02%
2006	$0.78B	0.35%	1976	$2.64B	5.79%
2005	$0.67B	0.40%	1975	$3.03B	8.12%
2004	$0.64B	0.49%	1974	$1.35B	4.34%
2003	$0.59B	0.57%	1973	$1.02B	5.48%
2002	$0.90B	0.95%	1972	$0.90B	5.39%
2001	$0.57B	0.78%	1971	$0.64B	4.39%
2000	$0.37B	0.54%	1970	$0.66B	5.28%
1999	$0.49B	0.86%	1969	$0.68B	10.32%
1998	$1.15B	0.55%	1968	$0.37B	9.16%
1997	$0.82B	0.44%	1967	$0.24B	5.81%
1996	$0.70B	0.41%	1966	$0.06B	1.10%
1995	$0.64B	0.48%	1965	$0.07B	1.40%
1994	$0.32B	0.78%	1964	$0.05B	1.23%
1993	$0.29B	0.93%	1963	$0.05B	1.10%
1992	$0.17B	0.56%	1962	$0.04B	1.10%
1991	$0.24B	0.77%	1961	$0.03B	0.85%
			1960	$0.02B	0.70%

Source: macrotrends

Table I1.0 2: % of Military Ranking of Similar Countries

Similar Country Ranking
Country Name	Billions of US $	Country Name	Billions of US $
India	$72.89B	Cameroon	$0.39B
Pakistan	$10.38B	El Salvador	$0.37B
Indonesia	$9.40B	Republic of Congo	$0.30B
Ukraine	$5.92B	Georgia	$0.29B
Morocco	$4.83B	Ghana	$0.24B
Bangladesh	$4.56B	Zambia	$0.21B
Egypt	$4.51B	Mauritania	$0.20B
Philippines	$3.73B	Kyrgyz Republic	$0.13B
Nigeria	$2.57B	Mongolia	$0.11B
Myanmar	$2.45B	Papua New Guinea	$0.09B
Sri Lanka	$1.57B	Kosovo	$0.08B
Tunisia	$1.16B	Nicaragua	$0.08B
Kenya	$1.11B	Eswatini (Swaziland)	$0.08B
Angola	$0.99B	Moldova	$0.04B
Sudan	$0.93B	Timor-Leste	$0.04B
Cambodia	$0.65B	Lesotho	$0.04B
Bolivia	$0.61B	Cabo Verde (Cape Verde islands)	$0.01B
Honduras	$0.40B

So far from the amount of resources and money allocated to defence, the general perception, remains that, this has not yielded much positive results in the reduction of violent conflicts and crimes over the last two decades.

Hence, the need for a radical rethink, of the security architecture. From the internal re-organisation, to emphasis on training, well-equipped, organisation, well-funded, removing corruption, nepotism and ethnicity in order to contribution towards securing the nation, be it in from disaster management to security.

The bulge in its self-administration of welfare, procurement of office goods and services, building structures, which seems to take priority over procurement of defence hardware, spare parts and maintenance tools requires urgent redress. Funds set aside for security votes also require another critical evaluation with the current constitutional structure still in place. In short, these observations are applicable to all our security apparatus.

Nigerian Police

According to the SBM Intelligence report, the 2,085 reported deaths mean Nigeria experienced a 47 per cent increase in media reported killings, from 7063 fatalities in 2020 to 10,366 in 2021. Of the 10,366 casualties of violent deaths last year, Kaduna State alone recorded 1, 192 at the hands of bandits. [59 ]

Despite the alarming statistics, it is also of no surprise, that Nigeria has one of the world’s lowest police-to-citizen ratios far below the United Nations (UN) recommended ratio of 1 police officer to 450 persons. [22 ]

Military Equipment for N125B

Asides many other issues with the police force, just looking at the figures for all the state in the tables below, show the ration of police to citizens is inadequate, for example in 2016 Delta state approximate population stood at 5,663,362 with a total police manpower at approximately 7,713. Meaning the state, requires close to double the manpower figure of 7.713, for any effective security management strategies.

While government and stakeholders continue to lament the challenge of paucity of funds to recruit more policemen to scale up policing and security in the country, in 2019 revenue estimated at one hundred and thirty five billion naira (N135 billion), generated from attaching police officers to VIPs, banks and other corporate organizations were publicly unaccounted for. [23]

As at 2017, the total number of police and security stations in Nigeria, stood at 556 units of police stations, police posts and commands while the total number of police officers in service for

2016 stood at 244,756
2017 stood at 225,339
2018 stood at 221,936

2020 Budget for Police Formations and Command

Recurrent expenditure as at 2020, makes up approximately 96.4% of the budget for police formations and command, while capital expenditure is 3.6%. Considering the huge capital investment required in upgrading the facilities and equipment of the Nigeria Police, this percentage is extremely low.

Also, the implementation of the Police Trust Fund commenced in 2021, in March, N11 billion was approved for the fund and another N74 billion was approved in June. Furthermore, in the 2021 supplementary budget, a total of N802 billion was allocated to security agencies to shore up their revenue.

Nigerian Police Statistics

Below is the most current data on the Nigerian Police force that could be obtained. Note, data used from different years as stated in the respective tables.

Police Budget from 2015 - 2020 Showing amount released vs. amount allocated

Year	Capital Allocation (N)	Capital Budget Released (N)	Overhead Cost Allocation (N)	Overhead Budget Released (N)
2015	17,800,000,000	8,900,000,000	5,895,797,734	48,387,908,461
2016	16,107,272,000	10,026,818,000	9,250,565,307	6,369,343,519.18
2017	20,198,272,000	9,099,136,000	11,655,565,307	59,974,130,962
2018	25,197,675,025	11,979,732,732	10,301,772,124	8,405,006,847
2019	22,064,903,996	6,325,961,598	9,250,565,304	8,567,285,430
2020	14,509,258,151	-	18,250,565,304

Source: PLAN [79 ]

Percentage of Police Budget against Total Security Budget and National Budget from 2015- 2020

	National Budget	Security Budget3	Police Formations and Commands Budget	Percentage of Security Budget	Percentage of National Budget
2015	N4.45 Trillion	N988,892,506,442	N321,322,224,611	32.50%	7.20%
2016	N6.06 Trillion	N1,076,864,003,431	N308,919,046,437	28.70%	5.10%
2017	N7.44 Trillion	N1,154,686,839,039	N313,515,233,147	27.20%	4.20%
2018	N9.12 Trillion	N1,353,788,525,587	N324,220,893,212	23.90%	3.56%
2019	N8.92 Trillion	N1,403,568,885,911	N366,133,777,795	26.10%	4.10%
2020	N10.59 Trillion	N1,809,122,690,322	N403,709,451,000	22.30%	3.81%

Source: PLAN [79 ] Notes:

1 2015 and 2016 budgetary release figures obtained from a presentation made by the former IGP, Ibrahim Kpotum Idris at the Public Hearing on a Bill for an Act to Establish the Nigeria Police Reform Trust Fund held on Tuesday, 11 July 2017 at the National Assembly Complex, Abuja.

1. 2017 - 2019 figures obtained from the Nigeria Police Force

2. 3 This figure was arrived at by doing a sum of the budgets for Defence, Interior, Ministry of Police Affairs, ONSA and Military Operations. 2020 includes the “Falcon Eye“Project

Additionally in 2021, Nigeria’s minister of police affairs, Muhammad Dingyadi revealed that the

government approved over N4 billion in the 2021 budget to fuel police vehicles in all the police commands of the country. This sum is meant to provide fuel for Police vehicles ranging from sedans, pickups, and armoured vehicles used in operations. Findings by Dataphyte, however, showed that only 3.5 billion naira was budgeted for “fuel/diesel/lubricant for direct delivery to state commands” in the 2021 supplementary budget. The research team could not find any other line item described as such in the approved main 2021 budget.

With the current price of fuel in Nigeria, each police station in Nigeria would be bloke receiving N719,942 per year for fuelling operational vehicles. It follows that each police station gets a total of 1,972 per day for fuelling, which gets them less than 12 litres of petrol, going by an average price of fuel of N166.

Another example is in the number of stations and staffing, for example a single police station in Lagos protects averagely 121,913 people using a population figure of 12,922,780 as at 2019, putting in mind population estimates obtained from the NBS, put Lagos state figures in 2016 at 12,550,598. A growth of 442,182 in the 3 years? [84 ]

Table I1.0 3: Number of Police force by State

States	2016	2017	2018	States	2016	2017	2018
Abia	3,557	2,165	2,554	Kano	7,966	7,568	7,287
Adamawa	6,632	5,995	5,889	Katsina	5,477	6,173	5,071
Akwa Ibom	7,154	8,143	6,829	Kebbi	3,846	3,224	3,421
Anambra	4,675	3,547	4,596	Kogi	5,040	3,329	3,762
Bauchi	3,935	3,767	3,581	Kwara	3,893	3,422	3,351
Bayelsa	5,161	4,772	3,705	Lagos	29,790	21,307	25,711
Benue	5,063	5,450	4,974	Nassarawa	5,577	5,329	4,826
Borno	5,308	4,530	5,179	Niger	7,237	6,283	3,950
Cross River	5,458	5,577	4,978	Ogun	7,873	6,332	6,225
Delta	7,713	6,497	6,224	Ondo	5,427	5,655	5,607
Ebonyi	3,515	3,274	3,450	Osun	4,665	3,398	3,544
Edo	7,378	7,468	7,925	Oyo	11,880	8,139	8,015
Ekiti	3,391	3,206	3,269	Plateau	4,199	5,254	4,333
Enugu	4,692	4,692	4,692	Rivers	15,205	15,359	14,375
Gombe	4,699	4,374	4,059	Sokoto	4,226	4,226	3,517
Imo	4,781	5,856	5,510	Taraba	4,305	3,478	4,272
Jigawa	4,134	3,676	3,616	Yobe	3,055	2,926	2,510
Kaduna	12,169	12,376	12,262	Zamfara	4,079	2,872	2,500
				FCT Abuja	11,591	15,700	16,103
				TOTAL	244,746	225,339	221,936

Source: [22 ]

Table I1.0 4: Police Senior Officers Origin

STATE OF ORIGIN FOR SENIOR OFFICERS, AS AT 2017
COMMANDS	IGP	DIG	AIG	CP	DCP	ACP	CSP	SP	DSP	ASP I	ASP II	G/TOTAL
FCT-ABUJA	0	0	0	1	2	2	13	32	33	37	THE COMPILATION OF ASP II ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF ORIGIN IS IN PROGRESS, YET TO BE COMPLETED	120
ABIA	0	0	0	0	1	13	25	71	127	86		323
ADAMAWA	0	0	1	5	7	17	34	62	116	73		315
AKWA-IBOM	0	1	0	6	2	20	29	75	181	98		412
ANAMBRA	0	1	0	3	7	19	28	79	88	61		286
BAUCHI	0	0	1	5	6	11	18	50	65	50		206
BAYELSA	0	0	0	2	4	7	15	56	77	58		219
BENUE	0	0	0	5	4	9	25	71	199	165		478
BORNO	0	1	2	9	4	18	30	63	110	49		286
C/RIVER	0	0	0	7	10	13	23	72	164	93		382
DELTA	0	0	0	1	11	18	27	101	210	152		520
EBONYI	0	0	0	0	1	3	15	57	93	40		209
EDO	0	0	1	3	7	23	40	132	288	207		701
EKITI	0	0	0	1	5	13	17	65	92	57		250
ENUGU	0	0	0	1	4	23	33	115	201	147		524
GOMBE	0	0	0	3	8	12	19	42	62	44		190
IMO	0	0	0	2	11	32	34	139	252	152		622
JIGAWA	0	0	0	1	3	16	23	47	66	42		198
KADUNA	0	0	0	2	5	18	26	57	144	85		337
KANO	0	0	1	6	10	19	40	64	67	46		253
KATSINA	0	1	2	4	10	26	36	67	85	53		284
KEBBI	0	0	2	4	3	16	32	51	76	65		249
KOGI	0	0	2	2	14	22	27	87	267	222		643
KWARA	0	0	0	2	7	23	35	98	105	72		342
LAGOS	0	1	2	9	16	22	33	97	99	56		335
NASARAWA	0	0	2	1	3	5	16	49	103	78		257
NIGER	1	1	2	1	11	21	34	69	79	54		273
OGUN	0	0	1	5	17	23	40	98	109	86		379
ONDO	0	0	1	4	6	10	29	116	159	113		438
OSUN	0	0	1	3	9	20	27	118	179	84		441
OYO	0	0	0	3	5	22	31	82	118	66		327
PLATEAU	0	1	2	3	6	13	19	62	155	128		389
RIVERS	0	0	0	2	7	16	26	77	128	77		333
SOKOTO	0	0	1	1	2	6	21	40	53	30		154
TARABA	0	0	2	2	4	12	21	45	70	48		204
YOBE	0	0	2	0	2	8	20	49	55	29		165
ZAMFARA	0	0	1	2	2	6	19	35	47	41		153
TOTAL	1	7	29	111	236	577	980	2690	4522	3044	10287	22484

Table I1.0 5: Police Commands etc.

NUMBERS OF AREA COMMANDS, DIVISIONS, STATIONS, POLICE POSTS AND VILLAGE POSTS
ZONE	ZONAL HQ	STATE COMMANDS	AREA COMMANDS	DIVISIONAL HQ	POLICE STATIONS	POLICE POSTS	VILLAGE POSTS
ZN 1	KANO	KANO	7	79	NIL	158	NIL
		KATSINA	5	54	38	92	34
		JIGAWA	6	48	34	98	27
ZN2	LAGOS	LAGOS	14	112	22	NIL	NIL
		OGUN	8	64	32	62	12
ZN3	YOLA	ADAMAWA	5	32	32	45	NIL
		TARABA	6	19	79	81	20
		GOMBE	4	26	30	38	NIL
ZN4	MAKURDI	BENUE	6	41	97	61	50
		NASSARAWA	5	39	53	155	NIL
		PLATEAU	6	38	104	163	NIL
ZN5	BENIN	BAYELSA	6	25	22	17	12
		EDO	7	66	43	45	12
		DELTA	6	51	41	46	NIL
ZN6	CALABAR	AKWA IBOM	6	58	19	NIL	NIL
		C/RIVER	8	26	54	27	NIL
		EBONYI	5	29	30	11	NIL
		RIVERS	9	88	25	40	NIL
ZN7	ABUJA	FCT	5	40	27	28	1
		NIGER	7	56	61	93	24
		KADUNA	4	51	59	105	95
ZN8	LOKOJA	KOGI	5	54	16	113	NIL
		KWARA	5	62	11	105	NIL
		EKITI	4	30	10	33	NIL
ZN9	UMUAHIA	ENUGU	5	51	NIL	50	NIL
		ANAMBRA	8	42	NIL	9	NIL
		IMO	4	44	63	38	NIL
		ABIA	4	44	26	24	NIL
ZN10	SOKOTO	SOKOTO	3	34	10	59	NIL
		ZAMFARA	5	26	22	38	NIL
		KEBBI	4	30	9	NIL	NIL
ZN11	OSHOGBO	ONDO	6	69	36	37	NIL
		OSUN	5	50	37	24	NIL
		OYO	7	70	19	32	NIL
ZN12	BAUCHI	BAUCHI	5	38	22	17	12
		BORNO	7	18	NIL	NIL	NIL
		YOBE	5	26	29	76	29

Source NBS [25]

Table I1.0 6: Police Data Summary

SUMMARY
NUMBER OF ZONAL COMMANDS			12
NUMBER OF COMMANDS			37
NUMBER OF AREA COMMANDS			217
NUMBER OF DIVISIONS HEAD QUARTERS			1730
NUMBER OF POLICE STATIONS			1212
NUMBER OF POLICE POST			2020
NUMBER OF POLICE VILLGEAGE POST			328
SUM TOTAL			5556

Source: NBS: [25]

Table I1.0 7: Crime Figures: Offences against Lawful Authority 2017

OFFENCES AGAINST LAWFUL AUTHORITY 2017
STATE	FORGERY OF CURRENCY	COINING OFFENCE	GAMBLING	BREACH OF PEACE	PERJURY	BRIBERY & CORRUPTION	ESCAPE FROM CUSTODY	OTHER OFFENCE	OFFENCES AGAINST LAWFUL AUTHORITY
FCT-ABUJA	-	-	-	11	-	-	-	28	39
AKWA-IBOM	3	-	4	366	2	-	3	-	378
ANAMBRA	1	2	-	537	-	-	9	182	731
ABIA	4	-	4	243	4	-	6	11	272
ADAMAWA	-	-	-	37	-	-	6	9	52
BAUCHI	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4
BENUE	11	-	6	64	1	-	5	23	110
BORNO	2	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	3
BAYELSA	1	-	-	87	1	-	2	-	91
C/RIVER	-	-	-	49	-	-	1	6	56
DELTA	1	2	-	537	-	-	9	182	731
EBONYI	23	13	72	6	3	-	1	34	152
EDO	-	4	243	2	-	6	11	41	307
ENUGU	-	-	-	125	-	-	-	-	125
GOMBE	13	-	1	4	-	-	1	14	33
EKITI	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
IMO	-	-	-	80	-	-	-	-	80
JIGAWA	-	5	5	20	-	-	2	15	47
KADUNA	-	-	2	-	-	-	2	-	4
KANO	5	3	56	183	-	-	4	38	289
KATSINA	1	-	-	5	-	-	7	45	58
KEBBI	4	-	-	6	-	-	1	-	11
KOGI	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	23	25
KWARA	3	-	-	11	4	1	1	5	25
LAGOS	23	13	72	6,183	35	4	18	712	7,060
NIGER	2	-	-	21	-	1	18	712	754
NASARAWA	-	-	-	96	-	-	4	33	133
OGUN	-	-	-	537	-	-	-	-	537
ONDO	-	-	-	279	10	-	-	-	289
OYO	-	-	6	40	-	-	-	-	46
OSUN	-	-	-	52	1	-	1		54
PLATEAU	1	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	2
RIVERS	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
SOKOTO	-	-	-	22	1	3	-	-	26
TARABA	3	4	-	1	1	2	3	19	33
YOBE	3	-	-	-	1	-	7	77	88
ZAMFARA	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	31	32
RAILWAY	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	1
PAP	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
TOTAL	111	46	471	9,605	65	17	123	2,240	12,678

Source NBS [26]

Table I1.0 8: Other Crime Figures: Number Of Arrested Drugs Suspects By State, Special Area Command And Sex, 2012-2016

Number Of Arrested Drugs Suspects By State, Special Area Command And Sex, 2012-2016
STATE	2012			2013			2014			2015			2016
STATE	MALE	F/M	TOTAL	MALE	F/M	TOTAL	MALE	F/M	TOTAL	MALE	F/M	TOTAL	MALE	F/M	TOTAL
ABIA	210	20	230	163	19	182	209	15	224	207	12	219	178	21	199
ADAMAWA	163	5	168	184	2	186	126	4	130	197	2	199	212	3	215
AKWA IBOM	211	46	257	287	52	339	353	48	401	238	45	283	204	39	243
ANAMBRA	198	30	228	375	45	420	354	41	395	303	28	331	249	23	272
BAUCHI	213	0	213	221	0	221	471	0	471	372	10	382	311	10	321
BAYELSA	184	35	219	249	0	249	177	0	177	123	18	141	167	48	215
BENUE	174	31	205	107	9	116	116	10	126	182	18	200	125	10	135
BORNO	33	2	35	108	0	108	75	0	75	56	3	59	58	0	58
CROSS RIVER	167	19	186	93	6	99	28	4	32	163	20	183	76	12	88
DELTA	243	49	292	167	35	202	186	47	233	96	26	122	163	30	193
EBONYI	142	25	167	200	37	237	145	19	164	154	22	176	101	11	112
EDO	187	44	231	205	56	261	164	56	220	223	80	303	219	50	269
EKITI	349	34	383	282	28	310	183	7	190	183	22	205	81	11	92
ENUGU	129	22	151	160	13	173	151	20	171	144	19	163	104	8	112
GOMBE	110	1	111	108	7	115	166	1	167	86	0	86	87	3	90
IMO	158	26	184	125	13	138	176	0	176	110	21	131	90	7	97
JIGAWA	153	2	155	164	4	168	190	6	196	114	2	116	275	4	279
KADUNA	169	3	172	371	13	384	346	0	346	230	15	245	290	29	319
KANO	705	0	705	567	0	567	503	0	503	658	11	669	736	8	744
KATSINA	407	4	411	596	18	614	587	22	609	530	9	539	562	0	562
KEBBI	249	3	252	197	1	198	198	11	209	151	10	161	78	5	83
KOGI	112	0	112	209	16	225	155	17	172	129	9	138	221	8	229
KWARA	79	6	85	149	15	164	83	8	91	141	20	161	148	15	163
LAGOS	305	16	321	490	0	490	413	21	434	230	21	251	217	5	222
NASSARAWA	58	1	59	48	2	50	207	8	215	75	2	77	44	3	47
NIGER	114	0	114	143	0	143	68	0	68	262	2	264	227	3	230
OGUN	129	11	140	220	17	237	194	23	217	222	20	242	235	25	260
ONDO	108	11	119	86	6	92	54	4	58	139	12	151	136	15	151
OSUN	218	0	218	252	0	252	184	7	191	175	19	194	82	6	88
OYO	157	4	161	401	0	401	350	0	350	225	12	237	278	21	299
PLATEAU	369	15	384	302	16	318	283	14	297	323	20	343	386	18	404
RIVERS	256	25	281	190	23	213	200	32	232	230	31	261	255	36	291
SOKOTO	263	1	264	183	2	185	161	4	165	215	7	222	214	3	217
TARABA	43	0	43	78	0	78	77	0	77	249	11	260	239	6	245
YOBE	35	1	36	56	1	57	88	9	97	41	0	41	88	0	88
ZAMFARA	212	9	221	158	13	171	228	4	232	208	2	210	143	4	147
FCT	238	16	254	258	27	285	411	14	425	457	21	478	261	7	268
SIU(HQ LAGOS)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	16	3	19	11	1	12
JTF(HQ LAGOS)	29	0	29	11	1	12	21	2	23	7	1	8	13	0	13
DOGI(HQ LAGOS)	29	0	29	20	1	21	24	0	24	31	3	34	24	3	27
AIRPORTS
MMIA-LAGOS	94	14	108	82	11	93	118	11	129	145	22	167	61	15	76
NAIA-ABUJA	17	0	17	17	5	22	21	1	22	36	0	36	16	2	18
PHIA-PORT HARCOURT	0	3	3	0	1	1	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0
MAKIA-KANO	5	0	5	1	0	1	1	0	1	2	0	2	2	0	2
AIIA-ENUGU	0	0	0	5	0	5	6	0	6	17	1	18	9	1	10
SEAPORTS			0			0			0			0			0
WHARF-LAGOS	18	0	18	7	0	7	12	0	12	1	0	1	6	0	6
TINCAN-LAGOS	0	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	2	1	0	1			0
ONNE-RIVERS	10	1	11	7	0	7	15	1	16	6	0	6	4	0	4
BORDER POSTS
SEME-LAGOS	54	4	58	17	4	21	27	1	28	35	3	38	31	8	39
IDIROKO-OGUN	129	11	140	4	0	4	3	0	3	5	0	5	0	0	0
CIATF	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3
Total	7,635	550	8185	8,324	519	8843	8,313	492	8805	8,143	635	8778	7,720	537	8257

Notes: F/M = Female Source NBS Crime Data Drug Abuse and Enforcement 2012-2016 [26]

Table I1.0 9: State Crime Figures

Number of Drugs Convictions Secured By State, Special Area Command 2012-2016
STATE	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
ABIA	21	6	13	42	46
ADAMAWA	73	127	98	84	120
AKWA IBOM	44	45	30	30	14
ANAMBRA	7	9	38	20	50
BAUCHI	33	23	96	95	46
BAYELSA	9	5	19	28	20
BENUE	73	11	68	44	43
BORNO	6	10	2	3	11
CROSS RIVER	50	21	24	54	22
DELTA	22	39	40	17	57
EBONYI	9	30	59	43	35
EDO	44	42	47	24	62
EKITI	68	29	19	24	62
ENUGU	28	26	18	13	53
GOMBE	58	37	47	58	95
IMO	14	22	24	18	5
JIGAWA	80	61	62	10	84
KADUNA	57	65	151	29	33
KANO	192	217	182	156	338
KATSINA	51	74	104	72	16
KEBBI	118	108	59	42	56
KOGI	13	34	16	12	20
KWARA	19	24	17	11	17
LAGOS	67	76	125	142	211
NASSARAWA	5	2	22	28	36
NIGER	43	46	24	45	22
OGUN	34	51	31	19	20
ONDO	30	29	31	35	44
OSUN	76	80	60	27	47
OYO	65	65	55	56	63
PLATEAU	115	122	90	82	96
RIVERS	13	60	76	51	61
SOKOTO	12	28	18	11	33
TARABA	26	16	39	31	53
YOBE	2	7	10	0	19
ZAMFARA	18	42	36	41	56
FCT	64	77	115	92	146
NHQ	16	9	11	6	2
AIRPORTS
MMIA-LAGOS	14	64	27	15	18
NAIA-ABUJA	12	14	10	23	25
PHIA-PORT HARCOURT	1	0	5	0	0
MAKIA-KANO	6	1	4	0	14
AIIA-ENUGU	0	0	0	0	0
SEAPORTS
WHARF-LAGOS	0	0	0	0	0
TINCAN-LAGOS	0	0	0	0	0
ONNE-RIVERS	1	0	17	4	5
BORDER POSTS
SEME-LAGOS	29	10	15	21	11
IDIROKO-OGUN	0	1	0	2	0
Total	1738	1865	2054	1660	2287

Table I1.0 10: Other Crime Figures ContD_Anti-Human Trafficking And Child Smuggling Migrant, 2013-2017

ANTI-HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND CHILD SMUGGLING MIGRANT, 2013-2017

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Activities

Human Trafficking Victims Rescued 178 110 153 189 110

Suspected Human Traffickers Arrested 20 10 14 8 4

Victims Handed Over to NAPTIP 0 0 63 114 89

Victims Repatriated 0 0 82 75 10

Number of Cases Received - - - - 9

Number of Victims re-united with families - - - - 15

Source: Nigerian Immigration Services

Some Key Conflict Affected Areas

Prevailing Conflicts in some key areas

Figure: Primary Causes of conflict events from these 3 Zones from 2010-2017

Perpetrators of conflict in the Regions

(Source: NBS: Conflict In Nigeria And Food Insecurity In Conflict Affected Areas)

Conclusion Diagram

Lekan Thomas

Is a Business Analyst and Electronic Engineer (with extensive expertise in assisting both public and private organisations accomplish their goals), writes from Lagos.

Twitter: @LekanThomas_Esq

Insta: @lekanthomaz

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